56 research outputs found
Universal non-adiabatic control of small-gap superconducting qubits
Resonant transverse driving of a two-level system as viewed in the rotating
frame couples two degenerate states at the Rabi frequency, an amazing
equivalence that emerges in quantum mechanics. While spectacularly successful
at controlling natural and artificial quantum systems, certain limitations may
arise (e.g., the achievable gate speed) due to non-idealities like the
counter-rotating term. Here, we explore a complementary approach to quantum
control based on non-resonant, non-adiabatic driving of a longitudinal
parameter in the presence of a fixed transverse coupling. We introduce a
superconducting composite qubit (CQB), formed from two capacitively coupled
transmon qubits, which features a small avoided crossing -- smaller than the
environmental temperature -- between two energy levels. We control this
low-frequency CQB using solely baseband pulses, non-adiabatic transitions, and
coherent Landau-Zener interference to achieve fast, high-fidelity, single-qubit
operations with Clifford fidelities exceeding . We also perform coupled
qubit operations between two low-frequency CQBs. This work demonstrates that
universal non-adiabatic control of low-frequency qubits is feasible using
solely baseband pulses
Generating spatially entangled itinerant photons with waveguide quantum electrodynamics
Realizing a fully connected network of quantum processors requires the ability to distribute quantum entanglement. For distant processing nodes, this can be achieved by generating, routing, and capturing spatially entangled itinerant photons. In this work, we demonstrate the deterministic generation of such photons using superconducting transmon qubits that are directly coupled to a waveguide. In particular, we generate two-photon N00N states and show that the state and spatial entanglement of the emitted photons are tunable via the qubit frequencies. Using quadrature amplitude detection, we reconstruct the moments and correlations of the photonic modes and demonstrate state preparation fidelities of 84%. Our results provide a path toward realizing quantum communication and teleportation protocols using itinerant photons generated by quantum interference within a waveguide quantum electrodynamics architecture
Microwave Package Design for Superconducting Quantum Processors
Solid-state qubits with transition frequencies in the microwave regime, such
as superconducting qubits, are at the forefront of quantum information
processing. However, high-fidelity, simultaneous control of superconducting
qubits at even a moderate scale remains a challenge, partly due to the
complexities of packaging these devices. Here, we present an approach to
microwave package design focusing on material choices, signal line engineering,
and spurious mode suppression. We describe design guidelines validated using
simulations and measurements used to develop a 24-port microwave package.
Analyzing the qubit environment reveals no spurious modes up to 11GHz. The
material and geometric design choices enable the package to support qubits with
lifetimes exceeding 350 {\mu}s. The microwave package design guidelines
presented here address many issues relevant for near-term quantum processors.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
Litsea Deccanensis Ameliorates Myocardial Infarction in Wistar Rats: Evidence from Biochemical and Histological Studies
The present study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of methanolic extract of Litsea deccanensis (MELD) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats by studying cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation, lipid profile, and histological changes. Male Wistar rats were treated orally with MELD (100 and 200 mg/kg) daily for a period of 21 days. After 21 days of pretreatment, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously to rats at an interval of 24 h for 2 days to induce myocardial infarction. Isoproterenol-induced rats showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in the levels of serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and lipid hydro peroxides. The serum lipid levels were altered in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The histopathological findings of the myocardial tissue evidenced myocardial damage in isoproterenol-induced rats. The oral pretreatment with MELD restored the pathological alterations in the isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarcted rats. The MELD pretreatment significantly reduced the levels of biochemical markers, lipid peroxidation and regulated the lipid profile of the antioxidant system in the isoproterenol-induced rats. An inhibited myocardial necrosis was evidenced by the histopathological findings in MELD pretreated isoproterenol-induced rats. Our study shows that oral pretreatment with MELD prevents isoproterenol-induced oxidative stress in myocardial infarction. The presence of phenolic acid and flavonoid contents were confirmed by preliminary phytochemical tests. The reducing power and free radical scavenging activities of the MELD may be the possible reason for it pharmacological actions
Realization of high-fidelity CZ and ZZ-free iSWAP gates with a tunable coupler
High-fidelity two-qubit gates at scale are a key requirement to realize the
full promise of quantum computation and simulation. The advent and use of
coupler elements to tunably control two-qubit interactions has improved
operational fidelity in many-qubit systems by reducing parasitic coupling and
frequency crowding issues. Nonetheless, two-qubit gate errors still limit the
capability of near-term quantum applications. The reason, in part, is the
existing framework for tunable couplers based on the dispersive approximation
does not fully incorporate three-body multi-level dynamics, which is essential
for addressing coherent leakage to the coupler and parasitic longitudinal
() interactions during two-qubit gates. Here, we present a systematic
approach that goes beyond the dispersive approximation to exploit the
engineered level structure of the coupler and optimize its control. Using this
approach, we experimentally demonstrate CZ and -free iSWAP gates with
two-qubit interaction fidelities of % and %,
respectively, which are close to their limits.Comment: 28 pages, 32 figure
Broadband Squeezed Microwaves and Amplification with a Josephson Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifier
Squeezing of the electromagnetic vacuum is an essential metrological
technique used to reduce quantum noise in applications spanning gravitational
wave detection, biological microscopy, and quantum information science. In
superconducting circuits, the resonator-based Josephson-junction parametric
amplifiers conventionally used to generate squeezed microwaves are constrained
by a narrow bandwidth and low dynamic range. In this work, we develop a
dual-pump, broadband Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier that
combines a phase-sensitive extinction ratio of 56 dB with single-mode squeezing
on par with the best resonator-based squeezers. We also demonstrate two-mode
squeezing at microwave frequencies with bandwidth in the gigahertz range that
is almost two orders of magnitude wider than that of contemporary
resonator-based squeezers. Our amplifier is capable of simultaneously creating
entangled microwave photon pairs with large frequency separation, with
potential applications including high-fidelity qubit readout, quantum
illumination and teleportation
High-Fidelity, Frequency-Flexible Two-Qubit Fluxonium Gates with a Transmon Coupler
We propose and demonstrate an architecture for fluxonium-fluxonium two-qubit
gates mediated by transmon couplers (FTF, for fluxonium-transmon-fluxonium).
Relative to architectures that exclusively rely on a direct coupling between
fluxonium qubits, FTF enables stronger couplings for gates using
non-computational states while simultaneously suppressing the static
controlled-phase entangling rate () down to kHz levels, all without
requiring strict parameter matching. Here we implement FTF with a flux-tunable
transmon coupler and demonstrate a microwave-activated controlled-Z (CZ) gate
whose operation frequency can be tuned over a 2 GHz range, adding frequency
allocation freedom for FTF's in larger systems. Across this range,
state-of-the-art CZ gate fidelities were observed over many bias points and
reproduced across the two devices characterized in this work. After optimizing
both the operation frequency and the gate duration, we achieved peak CZ
fidelities in the 99.85-99.9\% range. Finally, we implemented model-free
reinforcement learning of the pulse parameters to boost the mean gate fidelity
up to , averaged over roughly an hour between scheduled
training runs. Beyond the microwave-activated CZ gate we present here, FTF can
be applied to a variety of other fluxonium gate schemes to improve gate
fidelities and passively reduce unwanted interactions.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figure
Evolution of Flux Noise in Superconducting Qubits with Weak Magnetic Fields
The microscopic origin of magnetic flux noise in superconducting
circuits has remained an open question for several decades despite extensive
experimental and theoretical investigation. Recent progress in superconducting
devices for quantum information has highlighted the need to mitigate sources of
qubit decoherence, driving a renewed interest in understanding the underlying
noise mechanism(s). Though a consensus has emerged attributing flux noise to
surface spins, their identity and interaction mechanisms remain unclear,
prompting further study. Here we apply weak in-plane magnetic fields to a
capacitively-shunted flux qubit (where the Zeeman splitting of surface spins
lies below the device temperature) and study the flux-noise-limited qubit
dephasing, revealing previously unexplored trends that may shed light on the
dynamics behind the emergent noise. Notably, we observe an enhancement
(suppression) of the spin-echo (Ramsey) pure dephasing time in fields up to
. With direct noise spectroscopy, we further observe a
transition from a to approximately Lorentzian frequency dependence below
10 Hz and a reduction of the noise above 1 MHz with increasing magnetic field.
We suggest that these trends are qualitatively consistent with an increase of
spin cluster sizes with magnetic field. These results should help to inform a
complete microscopic theory of flux noise in superconducting circuits
Epidemiology of Untreated Psychoses in 3 Diverse Settings in the Global South: The International Research Program on Psychotic Disorders in Diverse Settings (INTREPID II).
IMPORTANCE: Less than 10% of research on psychotic disorders has been conducted in settings in the Global South, which refers broadly to the regions of Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Oceania. There is a lack of basic epidemiological data on the distribution of and risks for psychoses that can inform the development of services in many parts of the world. OBJECTIVE: To compare demographic and clinical profiles of cohorts of cases and rates of untreated psychoses (proxy for incidence) across and within 3 economically and socially diverse settings in the Global South. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) demographic and clinical profiles of cases with an untreated psychotic disorder vary across setting and (2) rates of untreated psychotic disorders vary across and within setting by clinical and demographic group. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The International Research Program on Psychotic Disorders in Diverse Settings (INTREPID II) comprises incidence, case-control, and cohort studies of untreated psychoses in catchment areas in 3 countries in the Global South: Kancheepuram District, India; Ibadan, Nigeria; and northern Trinidad. Participants were individuals with an untreated psychotic disorder. This incidence study was conducted from May 1, 2018, to July 31, 2020. In each setting, comprehensive systems were implemented to identify and assess all individuals with an untreated psychosis during a 2-year period. Data were analyzed from January 1 to May 1, 2022. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The presence of an untreated psychotic disorder, assessed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry, which incorporate the Present State Examination. RESULTS: Identified were a total of 1038 cases, including 64 through leakage studies (Kancheepuram: 268; median [IQR] age, 42 [33-50] years; 154 women [57.5%]; 114 men [42.5%]; Ibadan: 196; median [IQR] age, 34 [26-41] years; 93 women [47.4%]; 103 men [52.6%]; Trinidad: 574; median [IQR] age, 30 [23-40] years; 235 women [40.9%]; 339 men [59.1%]). Marked variations were found across and within settings in the sex, age, and clinical profiles of cases (eg, lower percentage of men, older age at onset, longer duration of psychosis, and lower percentage of affective psychosis in Kancheepuram compared with Ibadan and Trinidad) and in rates of untreated psychosis. Age- and sex-standardized rates of untreated psychoses were approximately 3 times higher in Trinidad (59.1/100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 54.2-64.0) compared with Kancheepuram (20.7/100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 18.2-23.2) and Ibadan (14.4/100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 12.3-16.5). In Trinidad, rates were approximately 2 times higher in the African Trinidadian population (85.4/100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 76.0-94.9) compared with the Indian Trinidadian (43.9/100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 35.7-52.2) and mixed populations (50.7/100 000 person-years; 95% CI, 42.0-59.5). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This analysis adds to research that suggests that core aspects of psychosis vary by historic, economic, and social context, with far-reaching implications for understanding and treatment of psychoses globally
Quantum coherent control of a hybrid superconducting circuit made with graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures
Quantum coherence and control is foundational to the science and engineering
of quantum systems. In van der Waals (vdW) materials, the collective coherent
behavior of carriers has been probed successfully by transport measurements.
However, temporal coherence and control, as exemplified by manipulating a
single quantum degree of freedom, remains to be verified. Here we demonstrate
such coherence and control of a superconducting circuit incorporating
graphene-based Josephson junctions. Furthermore, we show that this device can
be operated as a voltage-tunable transmon qubit, whose spectrum reflects the
electronic properties of massless Dirac fermions traveling ballistically. In
addition to the potential for advancing extensible quantum computing
technology, our results represent a new approach to studying vdW materials
using microwave photons in coherent quantum circuits
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